Inside South Sudan: Pete Muller Photographs Yida’s Refugees

4 minute read

In many ways, Yida is the South Sudan of popular imagination. Small Cessnas, ferrying medicine and other essential supplies, land on a tattered airstrip lined with beleaguered faces. The sprawling landscape is scorched and unforgiving. What little vegetation existed has been slashed and used by the camp’s more than 20,000 inhabitants to build basic shelters. Modest huts, made entirely of wood and thatch, dot a landscape that seems wholly unfit for human settlement.

The refugee camp in Yida rests approximately 18 miles south of the new and contested border between Sudan and South Sudan. To its north lies the embattled state of Southern Kordofan, where southern-aligned rebels wage a bitter and protracted insurgency against the northern government. In recent months, northern forces, operating under the command of Sudanese President Omar Al- Bashir, have employed brutal tactics to suppress the rebellion to no avail. An indiscriminate campaign of aerial bombardment has forced a mass exodus of Nuba civilians, more than 100,000 of whom have taken refuge in camps like Yida.

As fighting in Southern Kordofan and other adjacent border regions intensified in recent weeks, aid agencies in Yida reported a sharp rise in the number of new arrivals. Many come by foot, having walked for days to escape the high altitude bombers that have become a hallmark of the war. While Yida offers relative security, its extremely isolated location creates concern among aid agencies over their ability to provide adequate services for the rapidly swelling population. Food and water are scarce, electricity and phone networks are non-existent and political dynamics within the camp are contentious and secretive. The impending rain season threatens to turn the camp into a muddy and chaotic bastion of want and disease.

During the week I spent in Yida and neighboring camps, during which I provided visual media support for an Amnesty International research mission looking into wide-ranging human rights concerns in the area, I experienced alternating waves of inspiration and dismay. In nearly three years of covering South Sudan’s precarious transition to independence, I have yet to encounter a more welcoming, perseverant and intellectually driven community as the one I found in Yida. Despite dire circumstances, I met countless individuals who maintain an awe-inspiring thirst for education, a pursuit that many view as paramount in the battle against injustice and the marginalization of the Nuba people. Tea, coffee and assistance are offered at every turn and dignity defines the social landscape.

While their lives and aspirations have been compromised by this conflict, the mood among Yida’s refugees remains defiant. Many express support for the transformation of the Sudanese government, through forceful means if necessary, in order to bring about a system that more aptly embraces the country’s profound ethnic and racial diversity. “I ask myself why, for centuries, [the northern government] has been pushing us down,” wondered Issac Malak, a refugee from Southern Kordofan who arrived in Yida with hopes of finding employment. “There is no justice in Sudan…and I think of getting back my rights by all means that I have.”

With fighting in Southern Kordofan raging on and rains set to arrive in the coming weeks, the situation for refugees in Yida and other border camps is extremely precarious. “We pray for strength and peace,” says Abdul Rahman, a pastor in one of Yida’s six parishes. When I attended his service last Sunday, the pews of his thatch-roofed church were filled people who sang in tones that seem to put hope ahead of sorrow.

Pete Muller is a photographer based in South Sudan. He was named LightBox’s 2011 Wire Photographer of the Year. See more of his work here.

A refugee from the Nuba Mountains wanders through the Yida refugee camp at dawn. People try to accomplish tasks early in the day before the heat sets in. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
A newly arrived Nuba woman and her family wait to be registered at a refugee registration center outside of the Yida refugee camp. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Newly arriving refugees from the Nuba Mountains line up outside a refugee registration center outside of the Yida refugee camp. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Nuban refugees arrive by truck at the Yida refugee camp. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Young Nuba refugees stand next to the truck that recently brought them from South Kordofan to the Yida refugee camp. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Young Nuba boys wait to receive mosquito nets provided by a humanitarian organization in the Yida refugee camp. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Displaced Nuba women gather around a waterpoint at dawn in the Yida refugee camp approximately 19 miles south of the new and disputed border between north and south Sudan. More than 20,000 refugees from the embattled Nuba Mountains have taken refuge in the camp.Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Refugees from the Nuba Mountains wait to be registered by humanitarian agencies on the outskirts of the Yida refugee camp. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Nuban boys take refuge from the sun under one of Paryang's only structures.Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Nuba women wait to have their children examined at a clinic. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Young Nuban boys charge cell phones in the main market of the Yida refugee camp. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
A recently arrived Nuba woman burns grass outside her hut in the Nuba refugee camp. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Nuba refugees sleep rough in the Yida camp. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Nuba women sit inside a food storage warehouse in the Yida refugee camp. Food shortages are extreme among refugees fleeing violence in South Kordofan. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Two Nuba women argue at a water point in the Yida refugee camp. Water is in extremely short supply in the camp, which has daily temperatures of more than 115 degrees. Women and children often stand in line for up to ten hours in order to fill one jerry can. Arguments and fist fights are common. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Children play outside of a makeshift hut in the Yida refugee camp. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Nuban girls braid each other's hair inside their tent in the Paryang refugee camp.Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Refugees carry grass to use for house construction in the Yida refugee camp. The large number of refugees have nearly depleted the grass supply in the area making it exceptionally difficult for new arrivals to acquire materials for construction. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
A newly arrived family of refugees set up their belongings under trees in the Yida refugee camp. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
Abdul Rahman, a pastor at one of six churches in the Yida refugee camp, leads Sunday prayers. "We are trying to stay strong during this terrible time through enhancing our faith," he says. Pete Muller—Amnesty International
The arid plains surrounding the Yida camp South Sudan's Unity State. Pete Muller—Amnesty International

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